Gas lighting came to Little Rock in 1860, followed by the telegraph in 1861, just in time to report the early battles of the Civil War.
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Free schools for white boys and girls started in Little Rock in the 1853. In the meantime, Arkansas was admitted to the Union as a slave state on June 15, 1836. The Old Statehouse at Markham and Center was started in 1833 and completed in 1842. The Eagle was the first steamboat to navigate up the Arkansas River to Little Rock, arriving on March 16, 1822. Little Rock was incorporated as a town in 1831 and as a city in 1835. The name changed back to Little Rock, and in the fall of 1821, the Arkansas territorial capital was moved there from Arkansas Post.
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In the end, the claims were ruled invalid as the Quapaw had not ceded the land at “The Rock” until 1818, and a compromise was reached. Disgruntled settlers disguised themselves as Indians to move buildings at night in support of their claims.
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In the midst of the chaos, the Arkansas territorial capital was scheduled to move to Little Rock on June 1, 1821. New Madrid claimants renamed the town “Arkopolis” and began selling lots. Land speculators, armed with Lewis’s pre-emption claims and New Madrid Certificates (from the New Madrid Earthquakes of 1811–1812), soon arrived on the scene to stake claims. post office with the name “Little Rock” was established. According to the British naturalist Thomas Nuttall, no one permanently settled at “The Rock” until the spring of 1820, when a group of men established a town at the site. Lewis left that October but filed a pre-emption claim on the land at the Federal Land Office in Nashville, Tennessee. “The Rock” was included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, but the first settlement near the landmark was not made until the spring of 1812 when a trapper named William Lewis built a cabin on the bank of the river about 100 yards north from where the Old Statehouse stands today. Louisiana Purchase through Early Statehood The French called the smaller outcropping on the south bank “ le Petit Rocher” (the little rock), with the name first showing up on a map in 1799. La Harpe was more enthusiastic when it came to what he called the French Rock-“le Rocher Français”-the “bluff of mountainous rock” up the bend and north of the river, now called the Big Rock. On April 9, he made note of “rocks sticking out of the ground,” referencing the first rock up the river, but he did not name it. One of the first European explorers in the region, Jean-Baptiste Bénard de La Harpe, observed geological changes at the water’s edge in 1722. (Their designation as “Arkansea,” or“people of the south,” by Illinois tribes led to the name of the river and, ultimately,of the state.) Although no settlement or trading post is known to have existed precisely at “the little rock,” a community of mixed Quapaw-French families did live nearby from about 1790 to 1820, resulting in the designation of one of Little Rock’s oldest neighborhoods as the Quapaw Quarter. The Quapaw, members of a group of Dhegiha-Siouan-speaking tribes which also includes the Osage, resided in southeast Arkansas in the late seventeenth century and continued to live primarily along the Arkansas River until they were forced to leave in 1824. The Arkansas River Valley, including the location of “the little rock,” was claimed by the Quapaw when Europeans first explored the region.
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This confluence makes Little Rock a natural political center.
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In addition, the state’s three major landforms join within the city limits: the foothills that rise northwest to the Ozark Plateau, the Delta lands that extend east to the bank of the Mississippi River, and the rolling plains that stretch southwest into Texas. Little Rock, Arkansas’s capital city, is situated on the south bank of the Arkansas River near the geographic center of the state, making it a natural hub for commerce.